鱼油对仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响

本试验研究了鱼油对断奶仔猪生产性能、炎性介质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴激素的影响.选用32头(28±3)日龄、体重(8.91±0.74)kg的杜洛克×长白×大白仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头猪,1公1母.采用双因子设计,主因子包括:1)饲粮处理(5%鱼油或5%玉米油);2)免疫应激[注射脂多糖(LPS)或...     

复合微生物净水剂对观赏鱼水族箱养殖水质的影响试验

以淡水观赏鱼红帽子头为对象,研究复合微生物净水剂对观赏鱼水族箱养殖水质的影响。结果表明,复合微生物净水剂能稳定养殖水体的pH值,提高溶氧量,降解氨氮、亚硝酸盐等有害物质,减少养殖过程中化学需氧量的产生,促进水体氮循环,改善养殖水体水质;复合微生物菌剂还能增强观赏鱼的吸收功能和防病抗逆能力,对鱼体生长有明显的促进作用。     

美洲鲥当年鱼种池塘大棚越冬养殖试验

于2017—2019年采用在池塘上方搭建简易保温大棚的方式开展了美洲鲥当年鱼种越冬养殖试验,研究探讨了越冬养殖相关的技术参数。结果显示:搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温可保持在10℃以上,在美洲鲥当年鱼种(0+龄鱼种,平均体长12.45~16.65 cm,平均体质量27.29~66.41 g)放养密度为1518~2970尾/亩(15亩=1 hm^2,下同)和81.04~100.78 kg/亩的条件下,在越冬前中期(12月至次年3月中旬),日投饲量在0.8~1.6 kg/亩,越冬后期(次年3月中旬至4月上中旬),日投饲量也由2.0 kg/亩左右迅速增加到4.0~5.0 kg/亩。经过125~130 d的越冬养殖,鱼种平均体长达17.48~21.19 cm,增长28.04%~40.40%,平均体质量77.57~137.96 g/尾,增加了106.53%~184.24%,鱼种的体长和体质量特定生长率分别为(0.193~0.261)%/d和(0.585~0.804)%/d,日均增长量和日增重分别为0.036~0.039 cm/d和0.387~0.572 g/d;收获时美洲鲥鱼的肥满度为1.42~1.43 g/cm3,养殖成活率为89.29%~94.81%,饲料系数为1.50~1.65,亩产量为198.50~205.68 kg。试验结果表明,在江浙地区,养殖池塘上方搭建保温大棚后,冬季池塘水温(10~20℃)在美洲鲥当年鱼种的适宜水温范围,能获得较理想的越冬养殖效果。     

Use of geographical information systems as a tool for predicting fish yield in tropical reservoirs: case study on Sri Lankan reservoirs

Use of geographical information systems (GIS) in inland fisheries has hitherto been essentially restricted to site evaluation for aquaculture development and assessment of limnological changes in time and space in individual water bodies. The present GIS study was conducted on the land-use pattern of the catchments of nine reservoirs in Sri Lanka, for which detailed fishery data, viz. yield, fishing intensity, landing size of major constituent species, together with selected limnological data such as conductivity and chlorophyll- a , were available. Potential statistical relationships (linear, curvilinear, exponential and second-order polynomial) of fish yield ( FY , in kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) to different land-use patterns, such as forest cover ( FC , in km²) and shrub-land ( SL , in km²), either singly, or in combination, and/or the ratio of each land type to reservoir area ( RA in km²) and reservoir capacity ( RC in km³), were explored. Highly significant relationships were evident between FY to the ratio of SL and/or FC + SL to RA and/or RC . Similarly, the above land-use types to RA and RC ratios were significantly related to limnological features of the reservoirs. The relationships of FY to various parameters obtained in this study were much better correlated than those relationships of FY to limnological and biological parameters used in yield prediction in tropical and temperate lacustrine waters previously.     

Effects of entrance design on catch efficiency of arabesque greenling traps: a field experiment in Matsumae, Hokkaido

ABSTRACT:   A field experiment was conducted in the Matsumae area of Hokkaido, Japan, during June and July 2002, to investigate the effects of different entrance designs on the catch efficiency of fish traps by fishing with commercial traps (entrance inclination angle [α] = 37°; funnel length of entrance [ L _f ] = 22 cm) and experimental traps. The experimental traps were of the same size and similar design as commercial traps, with different entrance inclination angles (trap E1: α = 46°; E2: α = 27°; E3: α = 0°; all L _f  = 22 cm) or funnel lengths (E4: α = 37°, L _f  = 8 cm). In total, 2200 fish during 200 trap hauls were captured. The catch was significantly higher using both traps E2 and the commercial trap than with trap E3 ( P  < 0.05), and the catch of trap E2 was higher than that of the commercial trap. There were no significant differences in mean fish body length or the frequency distributions of body length among trap types (E1, E2, E3 and commercial). The funnel length of the entrance also affected the catch of traps. Trap E4 had significantly higher catches than the commercial trap ( P  = 0.04) when traps were deployed for a 1-day soak time. Fish body length frequency distributions did not differ between trap E4 and the commercial trap. The results showed that catch can be greatly affected by trap entrance designs.     

乌伦古湖鱼类资源现状及保护与开发对策

对乌伦古湖鱼类资源现状进行了调研。结果表明有土著鱼类7种，引种移植和引水入湖后增加到22种，其中经济鱼类18种，优势种由土著鱼类贝加尔雅罗鱼（Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis （Dybowski））转变为池沼公鱼（Hypomesus olidas （Pallas）），鱼类区系组成由2个增加到6个。40多年来，年鱼产量在800—4400t之间波动。随着人类活动的加剧，水域环境发生变化，鱼类资源失衡，尤其特优土著经济鱼类资源衰退显著。为此采取加强依法管渔，科技兴渔即降低捕捞强度、保护渔业水域环境、改变仅依靠自然繁衍来补充资源的局面、科学对待引种移植、充分利用渔产潜力、建设优质鱼类种质资源库、重视加工保鲜业、发展休闲渔业等对策，可达到该湖渔业资源的可持续发展目标。     

南沙群岛西南陆架区刺鲳资源状况的研究

根据2003年对南沙群岛西南陆架区渔业资源春秋两季调查的最新资料,分析了该海域刺鲳Psenopsis anomala(Temm inck et Schlegel)的资源状况。结果表明:刺鲳的渔获率、资源密度和资源量分别为0.97 kg/h、10.73 kg/km2和928.69 t;渔获率有明显的季节变动,秋季高于春季;其密集分布于水深为81~90 m(春季)和91~100 m(秋季)处;春季其平均体重、平均体长和优势体长组均大于秋季,其现存资源量为原始资源量的55.85%。针对该海域刺鲳鱼种资源的过度开发和利用,作者提出了一些合理保护和利用该资源的措施。     

碧流河水库鱼类寄生虫调查

本文报导了1984—1986年碧流河水库鱼类寄生虫调查.共检查、解剖鱼类49种,计846尾。查见寄生虫13个类群.计51种.对寄生虫在鱼体上的寄生部位、感染率、感染强度作了记录.根据调查和鱼种放养情况.提出了鱼病预防建议.     

翘嘴鳜反季节人工繁殖及苗种培育试验

对来源于鄱阳湖和高邮湖的两个野生翘嘴鳜群体,分别在水泥方池降低温度和减低光照培育以及在池塘网箱按常规培育。结果显示,水泥方池培育的雌鱼,成熟度正常、过熟和流产的比例,鄱阳湖群体为36.7%、40.0%和23.3%,高邮湖群体为40.0%、43.3%和16.7%,而雄鱼精子活力均正常;在池塘网箱培育的雌鱼均已过熟或流产,46.7%的雄鱼精巢完全退化。对成熟度正常和过熟的雌鱼各挑选6尾进行催产试验,正常组的催产率、单位体重产卵量、受精率、孵化率和出苗率均显著高于过熟组。试验共孵化出苗118.7万尾,育成1.3 cm的鱼苗96.3万尾和3~5 cm的鱼种68.1万尾。试验结果表明,采取降低温度和光照,能将翘嘴鳜在江苏地区的人工繁殖期推迟至7月底,从而实现高温期的批量育苗,为鳜鱼的反季节养殖奠定了基础。     

长期淹水条件下稻鱼复合种养对土壤养分和酶活性的影响

稻鱼复合种养能减少化肥和农药的施用,在保证水稻正常生长和稻田环境质量稳定的同时提高农民经济效益。本研究选取“巨型稻”和 “稻花鲤”为稻鱼复合种养试验材料,开展为期两年的田间定位试验,设置稻鱼复合种养（URF30）、单独水稻种植（UR30）和干湿交替（CK）三种种植模式处理,在分蘖期结束时淹水30 cm并持续保持水位至收获,分析水稻不同生育期土壤养分含量、微生物量和酶活性,探讨长期淹水稻鱼复合种养模式对土壤养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明,URF30处理在连续的两年内土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和土壤总氮（TN）含量呈增加趋势,并且高于其他处理,籽粒产量均高于其他处理。UR30和URF30处理进行短期淹水后,土壤中硝态氮和有效磷含量下降,同时土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）活性和脲酶（UR）活性显著降低;稻田长期淹水会降低土壤微生物量氮（MBN）含量,UR30处理2020年和2021年土壤MBN含量在长期淹水后分别显著下降146.9%和55.8%;稻田养鱼有利于土壤整体酶活性的提高,2020年和2021年URF30处理土壤酶几何平均值比UR30处理分别高5.8%和7.5%,比CK分别高19.4%和15.6%。研究表明,稻田进行短期淹水导致土壤微生物在水稻拔节期受到磷限制,长期淹水导致土壤微生物在水稻成熟期受到氮限制。巨型稻复合种养在长期淹水条件下仍能有效保证土壤肥力和土壤酶活性,在水稻产量稳定的基础上提高经济收益。